https://jetbis.al-makkipublisher.com/index.php/al/index

882

Journal Of Economics, Technology, and Business (JETBIS)

Volume 3, Number 6 June 2024

p-ISSN 2964-903X; e-ISSN 2962-9330

TAX REGULATIONS ON CRYPTOCURRENCY TRANSACTIONS IN

INDONESIA

Narwastu Vivaldi Galant

, Michelle Zefanya Himawan

, Putri Ayu Delia Fitiriyanti

Moh Yudi Mahadianto

Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia

Email: [email protected]

, michellezefa[email protected]

[email protected]

, [email protected]

KEYWORDS:

cryptocurrency taxation;

regulatory developments;

Indonesia

ABSTRACT

This study explores the evolving landscape of cryptocurrency taxation

in Indonesia, focusing on regulatory developments and challenges.

Tracing the trajectory from the introduction of Bitcoin in 2009 to the

establishment of a formal crypto exchange in 2023, this research

emphasizes the government's commitment to regulate and facilitate

crypto asset trading. Despite this progress, challenges such as

regulatory uncertainties, and security concerns, necessitate a profound

understanding of cryptocurrency dynamics to navigate the global

financial landscape. This research focuses on exploring Indonesia's

regulatory response, particularly in taxation, employing a qualitative

descriptive methodology that integrates primary data from legal

frameworks and secondary data through literature reviews, document

analyses, and interviews with cryptocurrency traders and tax officials.

So that the evaluation results can be a basis for recommending

improvements to tax regulations to make them more effective and

efficient. This study contributes not only to academic discourse but

also provides insights for fostering the growth of the cryptocurrency

ecosystem while managing potential tax-related risks.

INTRODUCTION

Cryptocurrency has emerged as a phenomenon dominating the global financial landscape

in recent years (Anastasia & Saptono, 2023). With the development of blockchain technology,

this digital currency presents a revolutionary alternative to traditional financial systems (Noor

et al., 2023). Since the introduction of Bitcoin in 2009 by an entity using the pseudonym Satoshi

Nakamoto, the cryptocurrency market has experienced rapid growth, giving rise to various

other digital currencies such as Ethereum, Ripple, and Litecoin (Fang et al., 2022).

The evolution of cryptocurrency extends beyond technical aspects, influencing various

economic, social, and legal dimensions. The fluctuating market value of cryptocurrency has

captured the attention of numerous investors and traders. Meanwhile, its underlying blockchain

technology offers innovative solutions to security and transparency issues in financial

transactions. Additionally, the phenomenon of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has emerged as a

new branch that combines cryptocurrency with the concept of decentralized finance, providing

fresh opportunities for financing and investment without the need for traditional intermediaries

(Sukomardojo et al., n.d.).

Based on Finder survey data from 27 countries in December 2021, Indonesia holds the

fourth position as the largest cryptocurrency user, comprising 22.4 percent, following Vietnam

Vol 3, No 6 June 2024

Tax Regulations On Cryptocurrency Transactions In Indonesia

883

https://jetbis.al-makkipublisher.com/index.php/al/index

(28.6 percent), India (23.4 percent), and Australia (22.9 percent). Crypto ownership is

predominantly among young individuals aged between 18-34 years. Indonesia also recorded a

six percent increase compared to the previous year (16.4 percent). However, it is crucial to

acknowledge that with the increasing utilization of crypto assets and their market value, the

potential for unlawful acts and crimes in the cryptocurrency industry is also inevitable

(Widhiyanti et al., 2023).

On February 8, 2019, the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency of Indonesia

(Bappebti), under the Ministry of Trade, issued Regulation BAPPEBTI No. 5 of 2019—a bold

step aimed at directly regulating the cryptocurrency ecosystem within the country. This

decision marks a significant move for Indonesia, aligning with global trends in establishing a

clear national legal framework related to cryptocurrency. The enforcement of these regulations

and corresponding enforcement provisions reflects the government's response to the dynamics

of the global market, providing a robust legal foundation to manage and oversee the

development of cryptocurrency in Indonesia. On July 28, 2023, the government officially

inaugurated a crypto exchange through Decision of the Head of Bappebti No.

01/BAPPEBTI/SP-BBAK/07/2023. This decision establishes a new legal basis and signifies

the government's commitment to regulate and facilitate the trade of crypto assets in the country.

Until September, records indicate active participation from 27 Prospective Physical Traders of

Crypto Assets (CPFAK) who have registered as members of the Indonesian crypto exchange.

However, like any new development, cryptocurrency faces several challenges, including

uncertain regulations, security concerns, and high value fluctuations. Therefore, a deep

understanding of cryptocurrency developments is crucial in responding to the dynamics of the

global financial market (Chang, 2019).

A relevant study by Iman and Nugroho (2021) titled "The Impact of Cryptocurrency

Regulations on Financial Market Stability in Emerging Economies" delves into how regulatory

frameworks in emerging markets, including Indonesia, affect the stability and growth of

financial markets. This research focuses on the broader economic implications of

cryptocurrency regulations and their effectiveness in preventing financial crises and promoting

market integrity.

While Iman and Nugroho's (2021) study examines the broader economic impacts and

stability of financial markets due to cryptocurrency regulations, this current research narrows

its focus specifically to the taxation aspect of cryptocurrency in Indonesia. It aims to provide a

detailed understanding of the tax regulations introduced by the Indonesian government and

their direct effects on cryptocurrency traders and tax officials. By concentrating on the taxation

framework, this research offers in-depth insights into compliance issues, revenue impacts, and

recommendations for improving the transparency and enforcement of tax laws in the

cryptocurrency sector, which were not the primary focus of Iman and Nugroho's study.

RESEARCH METHODS

The method utilized in this research is the qualitative descriptive research method. This

study involves the collection of descriptive data, employing a method of presenting words or

sentence frameworks to delve into a specific phenomenon by referring to observed field facts.

These observations are then represented through a structured arrangement of sentences. This

approach enables a meticulous investigation of a phenomenon, using sentence structure as an

Tax Regulations On Cryptocurrency Transactions In Indonesia

Vol 3, No 6 June 2024

https://jetbis.al-makkipublisher.com/index.php/al/index

884

analytical tool and visualizing findings based on field observations clearly and systematically

(Moleong, 2021). The study was conducted through the collection of primary and secondary

data. Primary data is obtained from a specific group of elements or units of analysis utilizing

techniques and data collection tools such as interviews, questionnaires, or surveys. Meanwhile,

secondary data involved the analysis of data previously collected by others, including literature

reviews, document analysis, or the utilization of secondary data from sources such as previous

research, archives, or other legal information sources (Mahadianto & Setiawan, 2013).

Meanwhile, this qualitative approach enables researchers to leverage existing knowledge

and conduct more in-depth data analysis on the gathered information. By combining primary

and secondary data, qualitative research can achieve a higher level of depth in understanding

the investigated phenomenon. This approach provides flexibility to explore various dimensions

and contexts of an issue, allowing researchers to craft a more profound narrative regarding the

research findings. In the context of this study, the population and sample are obtained through

the distribution of questionnaires to cryptocurrency traders and interviews with tax officials.

This qualitative approach allows researchers to holistically utilize both primary and secondary

data, providing a comprehensive understanding of the issues and facilitating the creation of a

more in-depth research narrative (Wati, 2018).

In this research, data validity is ensured through triangulation, member checking, peer

review, and detailed documentation. Triangulation involves using multiple data sources—

primary data from interviews and questionnaires, and secondary data from literature reviews

and document analyses—to cross-verify information. Member checking is employed by

verifying the data collected from cryptocurrency traders and tax officials through follow-up

interviews, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the information gathered. Peer review

involves engaging experts in the field to review the data collection methods and findings,

identifying any biases or errors and enhancing the credibility of the results. Additionally,

maintaining detailed records of the data collection process, including the context of interviews

and specific questions asked, helps maintain data integrity and allows for transparency in the

research process.

To enhance the validity and reliability of both the data and subsequent analysis, several

critical strategies have been implemented. First, standardized interview protocols and

questionnaires are employed to maintain consistency in data collection among diverse

respondents. This approach ensures that data gathered from different sources are comparable

and reliable. Second, researchers engage in reflexivity, consistently examining their own biases

and assumptions throughout the research process. This practice helps minimize subjective

influences on data interpretation, thereby enhancing the objectivity and credibility of the

findings.

Furthermore, detailed and comprehensive descriptions of the research context,

participants, and outcomes are provided. These rich descriptions facilitate the transferability of

findings to other settings and enable researchers to evaluate their relevance across varied

contexts. By adhering to these methodologies, the study aims to uphold the integrity and

robustness of its data and conclusions, fostering confidence in the validity and reliability of the

research outcomes.

In this study, we conducted interviews with tax officials on February 11, 2024, and

Vol 3, No 6 June 2024

Tax Regulations On Cryptocurrency Transactions In Indonesia

885

https://jetbis.al-makkipublisher.com/index.php/al/index

February 16, 2024. Additionally, on February 20, we distributed a questionnaire via Google

Forms to cryptocurrency traders in the Telegram group "EOLN MUSK Future VIP." This

community requires a $100 entry fee, indicating that its members are experienced traders with

substantial involvement in cryptocurrency. We were particularly interested in disseminating

the questionnaire in this group due to its composition of seasoned traders. Subsequently, on

June 9, 2024, we conducted a second round of questionnaire distribution, as the initial survey

yielded a limited sample size.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Regulation is defined as regulatory actions carried out by the public sector, involving

intentional interventions in economic activities, particularly related to the target population

(Koop & Lodge, 2017). Tax regulation in the context of blockchain and cryptocurrency refers

to a set of policies and norms related to the imposition of duties and taxes on transactions and

ownership of cryptocurrency. Tax regulation on cryptocurrency involves specific aspects,

including the taxation of capital gains from cryptocurrency transactions, the levying of taxes

on income derived from mining or staking cryptocurrency activities, and responsibilities

related to reporting cryptocurrency ownership in annual tax reports (Peláez-Repiso et al.,

2021).

In the contemporary era, many individuals in various countries, including Indonesia,

express their interest in transactions involving cryptocurrency. However, cryptocurrency is not

recognized as a valid means of payment, in accordance with regulations in Indonesia that

stipulate provisions regarding recognized currencies, as mandated by Law No. 7 of 2011. There

is a clear clarification in these regulations stating that the Rupiah is the sole legal currency as

a means of payment in Indonesia (Nitha & Westra, 2020). The Financial Services Authority

also prohibits digital currency as the underlying asset for issuing securities and as a means of

payment. Due to the increasing interest of investors and the public in crypto investments, the

government has established Regulation No. 5 of 2019 by the Commodity Futures Trading

Regulatory Agency (BAPPEBTI), allowing digital currencies to be treated as commodities.

The objective is to provide legal certainty for the development of crypto asset businesses and

legal protection for the public engaged in transactions through the specified provisions

(Serfiyani, 2019).

A study by PwC (2022) indicates that 65% of investors in Indonesia are uncertain about

the legality of crypto. However, with the approval of PT Bursa Komoditi Nusantara as a

Cryptocurrency Futures Exchange by BAPPEBTI on July 17, 2023, a significant increase in

the total number of investors is recorded. In August 2022, there were a total of 16.1 million

cryptocurrency investors, and by November 2023, this number increased to 18.25 million,

showing a growth of 13.35%, indicating increased trust among Indonesian investors following

the government's recognition of crypto commodities (Bappebti, 2022; Bappebti, 2023).

According to the Regulation of the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency

Number 5 of 2019 concerning Technical Provisions for the Implementation of Physical Crypto

Asset Markets on Futures Exchanges, it regulates the requirements to be fulfilled by Physical

Crypto Asset Traders, including the obligation to notify changes in systems, business

processes, and regulations, as well as provide access to all systems used to Bappebti. This is

intended to ensure transparency and supervision of crypto asset trading activities. Furthermore,

Tax Regulations On Cryptocurrency Transactions In Indonesia

Vol 3, No 6 June 2024

https://jetbis.al-makkipublisher.com/index.php/al/index

886

the regulation also sets requirements for Crypto Asset Storage Place Managers, including

minimum capital requirements that must be met. With the minimum capital requirements, it is

expected that crypto asset businesses can operate stably and provide protection for individuals

transacting in the physical crypto asset market. Additionally, this regulation establishes criteria

that must be met by crypto assets to be traded, including market capitalization, economic

benefits, and risk assessments. With these criteria, it is expected that traded crypto assets in the

physical market can provide economic benefits and have been assessed for their risks, thus

providing protection for individuals transacting with these crypto assets.

The government's efforts to regulate and facilitate crypto asset trading began with the

establishment of regulations by Bappebti governing the Implementation of Commodity

Physical Market on Futures Exchange in Bappebti Regulation No. 2 of 2019, Bappebti

Regulation No. 5 of 2019, subsequently amended by Regulation Bappebti No. 9 of 2019,

Bappebti Regulation No. 2 of 2020, and Bappebti Regulation No. 3 of 2020 regarding

Technical Provisions for the Implementation of Physical Crypto Asset Market on Futures

Exchange, as well as the Determination of Crypto Assets List that can be traded in the Physical

Crypto Asset Market regulated in Bappebti Regulation No. 7 of 2020. These regulations are

based on other legal foundations, including Law No. 32 of 1997, further amended by Law No.

10 of 2011 concerning Commodity Futures Trading, Government Regulation No. 49 of 2014

concerning the Implementation of Commodity Futures Trading, and Minister of Trade

Regulation No. 99 of 2018 concerning the General Policy for the Implementation of Crypto

Asset Futures Trading. According to Bappebti Regulation No. 7 of 2020, there are 229 crypto

assets that can be traded in the physical crypto asset market. The government also strives to

control and ensure the security of crypto asset trading by establishing a series of provisions and

regulations in Regulation Bappebti No. 5 of 2019. Furthermore, the government mandates

crypto asset traders to create and submit daily and monthly reports of crypto asset transactions,

provide daily, monthly, and annual financial reports, and submit quarterly company activity

reports to Bappebti as stipulated in Bappebti Regulation No. 5 of 2019 (Bintarto, 2022).

A study by Chainalysis (2022) indicates that the crypto trading volume in Indonesia

reached US$4.3 billion or IDR 60.2 trillion in 2022, making Indonesia one of the countries

with the largest crypto trading volumes in the world. Given the extraordinary growth of crypto

and to maximize tax revenue for the country, the government enacted PMK 68/PMK.03/2022

regarding value-added tax and income tax on crypto asset trading transactions. The tax

collection process for crypto asset trading transactions, based on the Minister of Finance

Regulation No. 68/PMK.03/2022, involves two main types of taxes: Value-Added Tax (VAT)

and Income Tax (IT). A 0.11% VAT on the transaction value is imposed on the delivery of

crypto assets, with Electronic System Trading Organizers (PPMSE) as sellers or intermediaries

required to collect and remit the VAT to the government. Additionally, a 0.15% Article 22

Income Tax (IT) on the transaction value is levied on the income received from crypto asset

transactions by PPMSE, which must also be withheld and remitted to the government. In

general, the VAT and IT withdrawal process involves recording crypto asset transaction

receipts, calculating the applicable taxes, tax collection or deduction by PPMSE from the seller

or buyer, tax remittance to the government, and reporting VAT and IT in the designated Tax

Return (SPT). Based on these calculations, the Indonesian Finance Minister, Sri Mulyani,

Vol 3, No 6 June 2024

Tax Regulations On Cryptocurrency Transactions In Indonesia

887

https://jetbis.al-makkipublisher.com/index.php/al/index

stated that the country received IDR 231.75 billion in crypto taxes, obtained from IT, and self-

reported IT with a nominal amount of IDR 110.44 billion, along with domestic VAT of IDR

121.31 billion. (CNN Indonesia, 2022)

In a brief interview with one of the local tax officials, Riza Savitri, she mentioned that

with Indonesia's adopted self-assessment tax system, taxpayers are required to calculate, pay,

and report taxes and profits from crypto transactions themselves. Income from the sale of

crypto currencies is reported in the "other income" column on the Annual Tax Return (SPT).

If the taxpayer, as an investor, holds Crypto Assets, whether as remnants from sales or

unpurchased acquisitions, they must list them in the asset column, similar to the treatment of

other assets. Crypto Assets as assets in the Annual Tax Return fall under the investment

category alongside other types of investments. In imposing taxes on crypto asset trading

transactions, the Indonesian government aims to: (1) Investigate crypto asset trading

transactions; (2) Increase state revenue; (3) Prevent the misuse of crypto assets.

Riza asserts that the cryptocurrency tax regulations in Indonesia embody legal and justice

principles in various dimensions:

a. Legal Certainty Principle

The cryptocurrency tax regulations in Indonesia have been clearly and definitively

outlined in Minister of Finance Regulation Number 68/PMK.03/2022 of 2022 regarding

Value Added Tax and Income Tax on Crypto Asset Trading Transactions. This regulation

meticulously governs the tax object, tax rates, and tax collectors for transactions involving

the trading of cryptocurrencies

b. Balance Principle

The cryptocurrency tax regulations in Indonesia exemplify a balance between the

interests of the government and those of the public. The government aims to generate

national revenue from the cryptocurrency sector, while the public desires the freedom to

engage in cryptocurrency trading activities.

c. Justice Principle

The cryptocurrency tax regulations in Indonesia are implemented impartially and

without discrimination. All taxpayers, including those participating in cryptocurrency

transactions, are obligated to fulfill their tax responsibilities. This ensures that all taxpayers,

including cryptocurrency transactors, contribute to the country's development. In her

interview, Riza mentioned that;

“Generally, I assess that the effectiveness of current tax regulations related to

cryptocurrency in Indonesia is quite satisfactory. These regulations clearly and firmly define

the tax objects, tax rates, and tax collectors for cryptocurrency trading transactions.

Additionally, they provide legal certainty for all parties involved in cryptocurrency trading

activities.”

Furthermore, Riza added that there are several aspects to be improved in the future,

namely;

a. Information Transparency

Enhancing information transparency regarding cryptocurrency tax regulations to

ensure that all parties involved in cryptocurrency trading understand the regulations well.

b. Supervision Effectiveness

Tax Regulations On Cryptocurrency Transactions In Indonesia

Vol 3, No 6 June 2024

https://jetbis.al-makkipublisher.com/index.php/al/index

888

Increasing supervision of tax compliance in the cryptocurrency sector is necessary to

ensure that all taxpayers, including those involved in cryptocurrency transactions, fulfill

their tax obligations.

Subsequently, we collected respondent data from local cryptocurrency traders through

a Google Form, with a total of 200 respondents willing to participate. All respondents have

undergone verification, with each individual being mandated to submit evidence

showcasing their previous trading activities within locally registered markets supervised by

BAPPEBTI. This was done to compare two different perspectives. From the obtained data,

44.4% answered that they rarely report taxes, and even 55.6% answered that they never

report taxes.

Furthermore, in response to the question regarding how tax regulations related to

cryptocurrency affect their investment and trading decisions, eight respondents stated that

they do not have any impact, while one respondent mentioned that it is somewhat

detrimental.

CONCLUSION

Overall, the development of cryptocurrency in Indonesia reflects global dynamics, with

the government attempting to regulate and facilitate the crypto asset market through various

regulations, including the establishment of crypto exchanges and the enactment of tax rules.

Despite a significant increase in investor participation and trading volume growth, challenges

such as legal uncertainty, value fluctuations, and security concerns remain the focus of

attention. In terms of tax regulation, concrete steps have been taken to ensure tax compliance

in the cryptocurrency sector, but there is a discrepancy between regulatory implementation and

the reality of tax reporting by industry players.

Although tax regulations have been deemed effective in providing legal certainty, the

response from some cryptocurrency traders who rarely or never report taxes indicates that

further efforts are needed to improve compliance and tax awareness among industry

participants. Therefore, a deep understanding of tax regulations, education, and socialization

related to tax obligations in the cryptocurrency sector can be key to responding to the

development of this ecosystem sustainably.

The implications of cryptocurrency development in Indonesia encompass two main

aspects: first, economic and financial impacts, and second, changes in regulatory and policy

domains. Economically, cryptocurrency has opened new opportunities for investment and

financing through the DeFi phenomenon, providing a new alternative outside the traditional

financial system. The significant growth in crypto trading volume can also contribute to state

revenue through taxation, as demonstrated by the government's tax regulation measures.

However, challenges persist, including high value fluctuations that can affect market stability.

On the regulatory front, the implementation of rules and the establishment of crypto

exchanges create a clearer legal framework, providing the basis for the government to manage

and oversee the development of cryptocurrency in Indonesia. Its primary contribution lies in

creating a transparent and fair business environment while establishing legal protection for

individuals involved in crypto asset trading. However, this contribution still requires further

steps to enhance tax compliance and legal awareness among industry participants. Therefore,

education and socialization remain crucial factors to ensure that the development of

Vol 3, No 6 June 2024

Tax Regulations On Cryptocurrency Transactions In Indonesia

889

https://jetbis.al-makkipublisher.com/index.php/al/index

cryptocurrency in Indonesia can proceed sustainably and positively contribute to the national

economy.

In this research, we faced challenges due to a lack of interest from traders in completing

the questionnaire, prompting the need to offer cash incentives before they were willing to

participate. We hope that in the future, traders will be more proactive and willingly contribute

to upcoming research endeavors.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anastasia, A., & Saptono, P. B. (2023). Analisis Pengawasan Direktorat Jenderal Pajak atas

Transparansi Pelaporan PPh Orang Pribadi Pengguna Kripto. Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik,

9(3), 160–170.

Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi (Bappebti), "Peraturan Badan Pengawas

Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 tentang Ketentuan Teknis

Penyelenggaraan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto (Crypto Asset) di Bursa Berjangka."

Bintarto, M. A. I. (2022). Cryptocurrency as a Digital Property in Indonesian Law Perspective. Jurnal

Penegakan Hukum Dan Keadilan, 3(2), 104–113.

C. Yustisia Serfiyani & C. Rahmati Serfiyani, "Legal Studies on Blockchain Technology and

Smart Contract in the Financial Services Industry," 2015.

Chainalysis, "Global Crypto Adoption Index," 2022.

CNN Indonesia, "Sri Mulyani Kantongi Rp231 M dari Pajak Kripto per 14 Desember 2022," [Online].

Available: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20221221063258-532-890008/sri-mulyani-

kantongi-rp231-m-dari-pajak-kripto-per-14-desember-2022.

Chang, S. E. (2019). Legal status of cryptocurrency in Indonesia and legal analysis of the business

activities in terms of cryptocurrency. Brawijaya Law Journal, 6(1), 76–93.

Fang, F., Ventre, C., Basios, M., Kanthan, L., Martinez-Rego, D., Wu, F., & Li, L. (2022).

Cryptocurrency trading: a comprehensive survey. Financial Innovation, 8(1), 13.

Iman, A., & Nugroho, B. (2021). The Impact of Cryptocurrency Regulations on Financial Market

Stability in Emerging Economies.

J. W. Creswell, "Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches.

Sage publications," 2004.

Koop, C., & Lodge, M. (2017). What is regulation? An interdisciplinary concept analysis. Regulation

& Governance, 11(1), 95–108.

Mahadianto, M. Y., & Setiawan, A. (2013). Analisis Parametrik Dependensi Dengan Program SPSS.

PT. Raja Grafindo. Jakarta.

Moleong, L. J. (2021). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Nitha, D. A. F., & Westra, I. K. (2020). Investasi Cryptocurrency Berdasarkan Peraturan Bappebti No.

5 Tahun 2019. Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal), 9(4), 712–722.

Noor, A., Arifin, M., & Astuti, D. P. W. (2023). Crypto Assets and Regulation: Taxonomy and

Framework Regulatory of Crypto Assets in Indonesia. JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi), 8(3), 303–

315.

P. M. K. No. 68 Th 2022 tentang Pajak Pertambahan Nilai dan Pajak Penghasilan atas

Transaksi Perdagangan Aset Kripto.

PwC, "PwC Cryptocurrency Report: The State of Crypto in Indonesia," 2022.

Peláez-Repiso, A., Sánchez-Núñez, P., & García Calvente, Y. (2021). Tax regulation on blockchain and

cryptocurrency: The implications for open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology,

Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 98.

Tax Regulations On Cryptocurrency Transactions In Indonesia

Vol 3, No 6 June 2024

https://jetbis.al-makkipublisher.com/index.php/al/index

890

Sukomardojo, T., Pamikatsih, M., Arpianto, Y., Nuraini, A., & Fatmawati, E. (n.d.). Cryptocurrency

and Macro-Economic Stability: Impacts and Regulations.

Wati, L. N. (2018). Metodologi penelitian terapan. Bekasi: Pustaka Amri.

Waluyo Slamet Pradot & Doris Rahmat, "The Implementation of Tax Laws on

Cryptocurrencies and NFTS in Indonesia is Progressing Well," 2022.

Widhiyanti et al., "Indonesian Cryptocurrencies Legislative Readiness: Lessons from the

United States," 2023.

Widhiyanti, H. N., Hussein, S. M., & Ganindha, R. (2023). Indonesian Cryptocurrencies Legislative

Readiness: Lessons from the United States. Sriwijaya Law Review, 7(1), 150–172.

licensed under a

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License